Mountaining Hazards

Types of mountaineering hazards.-

1. Objective Hazards - Hazards created by power of nature.
   
2. Subjective Hazards and Psychological Hazards - Hazards by mistake of climbers ( Human Hazards )
   

Objective Hazards-

1) Weather-

• Whiteout-
  If unknown place wait for clear. If distributed use torch for signaling (distance signaling).
• Lightning-
  -keep away from metals.
  -conical rock (at the top of the mountain) has no snow. During lightining come to the place covered with ice and away from rock.
  -Don't take shelter at conical rock and below single tree.
• Snow Blizzards-
  snow comes with wind.
  -wait till it get clear.
  -blizzards can enter your nose or ears or shirt.
  -stand opposite to it.
• Snow fall or rain fall-
  -pack all items in plastic bags.

2) Avalanche-
Mass of snow slide down from mountain to valley side.

3) Land Slide-
- start form beginning.
-pass one by one (other should watch and told passing person)
-select best way.
-don't pass without helmet or use rucksack to protect head.

4) River and streams-
streams are dangerous, they are small but flow can be from 8km/h to
km/h

5) Glacier-
moving river of ice.

6) Cornice (very dangerous )-
over hang lap of snow stuck on the mountain ridge.
- crup with X- stick to check hollowness
- choose central or middle area.

7) High altitude sickness-
irritation, noise beading , breathing problems.
-Acclimatise body then climb.

Subjective Hazards-

1) Sun burn -
Use caps, cover , suns scream, hats, umbrella.

2) Snow blindness-
-At mountain UV rays reflect from snow and enter to eye.
-Use black goggles.
-If suffering from snow blindness then use water or urine.
symptoms of snow blindness-
-feel irritation in eyes.
-eye turn to reddish.
-tears comes.

3)Frost Bite-
Blood tissue die because of cold
-don't use wet gloves, socks and always cover face (nose and ears).
Symptoms-
-chill burn
-skin color change to red then yellow then blue.

4) Benightment-
spending night without food, shelter and equipments. Without proper plan or co-ordination in team.

5) Fall and slip and over confidence-
-Use proper sole shoes.
-Concentrate on work.

6) Team Management-
Choose the root such that week person can also climb.