Monday, December 30, 2013

DI Workshop: Grassroot Engineering

Co-instructor
- Transferjet engineer, Consultant - rural technology, semiconductor and solar energy.

Workshop Tentative Schedule

Day - 1: Project management, documentation (blogging)
Day - 2: Technical Sessions
            - CAD/ 3D Printing
            - Make your own Microcontroller Kit
            - Android session and  Transferjet (TOSHIBA)
            - Input/Output Devices (??)
            - Image Processing, Signal processing
            - MATLAB (??)(general, GUI, Image processing, Data acquisition - Analog,Digital I/O)

Day - 3: Field trip
- Field trip briefing:
- Observation
- Need statements
- Filtering need statement
- Ideation of solutions
- Filtring one solution
- Making Prototype
- Documentation and Presentation

Day -4:
- 30s pitch (Students presentation)
- Start presentation with GIRAFFE (a word)
      - ask audiance/students for feedback.
      - Give feedback on presentation (individual).
      - Start with positive hook.
      - talk about custumer experiance. (tecnology flaw into plus point)

Resources required for ~50 students

 
 

Total Cost ~ $2200
 - Field visit suggestions
- Curriculum
-

Define problem first
Which techonoloyg to use

Topics - Education, healthcare, transportation, banking, finance, agriculture (villagers willing to pay), Information and energy.

Toshiba community space (social orientation). Where bussiness and enterprenures can use the technology created and make money. Replicate such community space to other places.

- Villagers wants to provide information to outer world.
- Internet at village (FabFi?)

- Village - Ratnagiri
- NGO started a different kind of school which teaches skills to solver local problems
- They (teachers) are developing prototype with LEDs. Desk (like laptop) with LEDs.
- Working today based on future projection.

- Near field communication device

////









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Monday, December 23, 2013

Innovation and Entepreneruship Workshop

Sunday 22nd, 2013


- Report on field trip from Yesterday.
- Session on IOIOIO Board by Dan.

01/07/13

Entrepreneurship - Identifying the opportuniy other don't see, taking risk, build with whatever you have
MBA is a manager.
- Train kids

Round - 2

Step - 1: Field Trip Observation
Step - 2: Identify couple of problems
Step - 3: Analyze each problems (why it exist, how much impact, finicial gain, stack holder - who will benefit and who will suffer) and narrow down to one problem.
Step - 4: Potential solutions.
Step - 5: Finalize one solution and conceptualize it.
Step - 6: Make a prototype.


Round - 3

Seed ideas for project. Don't spend much time on finding problem in round-3.
Business analysis.
- Experience of working with people. Technical skill in blog.
- Call students and ask to present.
-
Give them 20 need statement.
Technical entrepreneurship.



Pre-Workshop

Kits
- Bluetooth 

Tutorial Sessions
- PCB prototyping
- Make your own uC Board/Arduino
- Arduino
- Sensors
- Android
- Matlab (general, image processing, interface with android, interface with arduino)

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Sunday, December 22, 2013

TBN Atmega32U4 Board

Features

Parts Required

1 - Atmega32U4 (Digikey Part# ATMEGA32U4-AURCT-ND)
Note -  Atmega32U4-AUR is shipped with Low Power Crystal Oscillator (8.0MHz-16MHz) enabled and Atmega32U4RC-AUR is shipped with Calibrated Internal RC oscillator (8.0MHz) enabled. Since we are using external crystal, we will use Atmega32U4-AUR.
2 - Resistors
3 - Capacitors
4 - USB connector
5 - 3x2 Pin connector
6 - Push button
7 - Crystal 16MHz.
8 -  Ferrite Bead.

/spreadsheettttttttttt/




To Do in Next Version

1 - Change USB micro-B connector  (eagle part in ----)
2 - Add Potentiometer for ADC sample Code
3 - Add one pull button (for Arduino USB keyboard code, Arduino Mouse code, Digital Input code)
4 - Add horizontal/Vertical connector to access pins. 
5 -  Optional - Array resistor and RGB LED
6 -  Edit bootloader to add LED fadIn/Out when bootloader is running
7 - Sample code for ISP, Rx/Tx, Software Rx/Tx
8 - Hardware Rx/Tx pins

USB  connenctor used (eagle lib in sparkfun library)

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8533


USB protection

http://www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00001361.pdf

digikey part number - 497-2727-5-ND

Power jack

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12748






Next Version Improvement

.

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Friday, December 20, 2013

Arduino Hands-on Session

Check List

1) Aruduino Micro or Leonardo 
2) Jumper wires (male-male and male-female)
3) LCD
4) Keyboard
5) Buzzer
6) Ultrasonic Distance Finder
7) LDR or photodiode
8) GPS and GSM shield
9) DC motor and shield, stepper motor and shield and servo motor
10) 9V Rechargable battery + Charger, 5V voltage regulator kit
11) Fine tip soldering iron, low guage soldering wire, sponge, wire cutter, ribbion cable, breadboard flexible connection wire, sparkfun breadboard power supply stick
 

Installing Arduino IDE 

Note - If you have previous version of Arduino installed, first uninstall the previous version and delete all files/folder and shortcuts (in start, shortcut pined to taskbar, desktop shortcut etc) associated with Arduino.


1 - Copy "Arduino Workshop" folder to your local drive.
2 - Install Arduino with the setup file "arduino-1.0.5-windows" located inside this folder. ( optionally download setup file from here). Follow the instructions below to install Arduino IDE


 

 

Confirm the path of "Destination Folder" is "C:\Program Files\Arduino" or if you have 64bit OS it should be "C:\Program Files(x86)\Arduino". Click on Install.


Installation will proceed and following window will appear.


During installation, Windows will ask you to verify driver signature as shown below. Simply click on "Install this driver software anyway"


Once the installation is complete, you will see the following window. Simply click on "Close"


Installing Arduino Micro Driver.


1 - Open Device Manager windows (Start - Computer - Properties - Device Manager). Keep the window open.
2 - Connect ArduinoMicro to your computer. The device manager list will refresh and a new device will appear . Also the windows will try to search for driver in  windows update. Click on "Skip obtaining driver software from Windows Update"



Also an "USB IO Board" will appear After you connect ArduinoMicro in Device manager as shown below -


Right click on "USB IO Board" and click on "Update Driver Software ...."




 



Click on "Install this driver anyway".


After the drive is successfully installed, following window should appear. Go ahead and close 


You can verify if the driver is installed correctly, it should appear as "Arduino Micro" in device manager.


Programing Arduino Micro

1 - Run Arduino IDE from newly created shortcut during installation.
2 - Go to Tools - Board and select Arduino Micro

3 - Go to Tools - Serial Port and select the serial port associated with ArduinoMicro (in my case COM35). To check which serial port is associated with ArduinoMicro, go to device manager.

 

4 - Close Arduino IDE and Restart it again. You are ready to use arduino board.





Modules


LCD Interface

 - Use LUMEX 16x2 LCDs. They are compact but don't have back-light. For interfacing solder header to LCD and use jumper wires to make connection between LCD and arduino (can use arduino micro with sample code)
- Note, it is very important to connect PIN3 of LCD. If left open or connected to 5V, it will seems that LCD is off or not working at all. You can connect this pin to GND and text will appear. However, the contrast will not be very good. Ideal you should use a 10K potentiometer 


To Do:


1 - Put more delay in DigitalReadSerial and AnalogReadSerial code ~1000ms.
2 - Code for I2C networking, LCD display, keyboard


Order Links

1) Arduino Micro, Qt - 5


2) Breadboard power supply stick, Qt - 10


3) Wall adapter, Qt - 10


4) Barrel Jack Adapter, Qt - 12


5) 9V battery with charger, Qt - 2


6) Jumper Wire Kit M/M, Qt - 2


7) Jumper Wire Kit, M/F, Qt - 2


8) Jumper Wire Kit, F/F, Qt - 2


9) Male Header, Qt - 20


10) Female Header, Qt - 20


11) Solderable Breadboard, Qt - 10


12) Buzzer, Qt - 10


13) Stepper motor Drive, Qt - 2


14) DC motor driver, Qt - 2


15) Plastic Box, Qt - 10




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Thursday, December 19, 2013

Finding Electronics Parts

Digi-Key

www.digikey.com

Dealextreme.com
www.dx.com
(ex - SD card module ~3$ )

Jameco

www.jameco.com

Fry’s

www.outpost.com (doesn’t
list all items in store)

Allied

www.alliedelec.com

Newark

www.newark.com

Radio Shack

www.radioshack.com

Hosfelt

www.hosfelt.com
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Tuesday, December 10, 2013

Persnal Mobile Lab (draft)

I like to have fun on the go. Here is my personal mobile lab which I carry with me everywhere I go.

Test and Measurement Tools


1) FLUKE-179/EDA2 Multimeter
Digikey Part# 614-1-23-ND

 

2) Oscilloscope: Tekscope THS720 (I bought it for cheap at ebay)
Its both an oscilloscope and an digital multimeter. You don't need an extra multimeter if you have this one.

3) Logic analyzer - Logic16
I bought PC based logic analyzer for $200 from here
Unless you really need it don't buy it.

4) Soldering Iron

I mostly work with SMD component and hence use fine tip soldering irons.  Some options are

- 120V soldering iron station (WES51-120V-ND) $127
- 240V soldering iron station (WESD51D-240V-ND) $190
- (a) 230V soldering iron (T0056403799-ND) $57

(b) Soldering Iron stand ans sponge (PH60-ND) $16

 - Tweezers  (EROP7SA-ND), $3.7



another cheap option is to buy soldering iron locally and custom fit the fine tip.





Electronics Part


1)  Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors


I bough bookstyle kit for resistors, capacitors and inductors kit for ~$60 each. It has almost all the components you may need. I liked the bookstyle packaging as its very portable.

Some Kits


Its good idea to keep kits like Arduino with you as you might not get change to make PCB on go.



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Sunday, December 8, 2013

Programming using AVR Studio

1) Install AVR studio 6 ( http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel_studio6/ ).
2) For programming, I am using AVRISPmkII ( http://store.atmel.com/PartDetail.aspx?q=p:10500054 ). Make sure to power your board from external power supply (USB port etc.). Connect AVRISPmkII to your computer, go to device manager and verify that it is being recognized by windows. AVR studio uses "jango" driver which is not compatible with Arduino IDE.


Steps

1) Go To File -> New -> C Executable Project (Write name of your project, browse for location). Click OK.


2) In the Device Selection window select your microcontroller. (In my case it is Attiny44A)

3) AVR studio will open up a .c file with some initial code. You can write you code in this file. Once finished writing the code, Go to Build - > Build or simple click the Build button shown below.


4) The program will compile your code and if no error you should se Build:1 succeded at the Output window as shown above. A .hex file will be created in the project directory which we have to upload to the micro-controller.

Different combination of above building blocks can be used to build the unit cells of all the crystal structures. Here, I have shown few examples -

Step 5: Programing the board - Connect the ISP pin of AVRISPmkII to your board (make sure you connect in right polarity). Go to Tools -> AVR programming. In the "Tool" drop-down list select your programmer (I used AVRISP mkII), In Device select your uC ( I used ATtiny44A). Click on "Read" button below Target Voltage, the reading should be the voltage you are supplying to your board (Use external power supply to power your board, AVRISP mkII do not power the board unlike FabISP). Similarly click on "Read" button below Device ID and your device ID should appear provided all the connections are correct.
Debugging - If something goes wrong, check your connections and try varrying ISP clock speed in the "Interface Settings" Tab.

Step 5: For programing go to "Memories" Tab, browse to the projectfolder/Debug and locate the filename.hex file, then click on "Program" button. If programmed The message at the botton should read like " Programming Flash OK" as shown below.


Step 6: Immidiately after the programing finished, the board will start executing the code and we can use the board.
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Thursday, December 5, 2013

Programming AVR microcontroller with AVRDUDE in Windows

Step - 1: Install avrdude

Download and install winavr which includes avrdude from the link below. Note - If AVR studio is installed on you PC, a different driver is used for avrispmk2 and hence avrdude can not be used for programing.

http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr/files/

 Once installed, go to command terminal and type avrdude. you should get something like this -




Step - 2: Verify your micro-controller and programmer is supported by avrdude

To get list of supported programmers, type

C:\>avrdude -c asdf

 You should get response similar to below (with list of supported programmers)


To get list of supported micro-controller type

C:\>avrdude -c avrisp

 The response should be similar to this (list of supported micro-controllers) -

Once verified, that you have supported programmer and controller. Next step is to program the micro-controller.

For this tutorial, I am using attiny45 and avrisp mkII programmer.

Step - 3: Programming


The syntex of the command is 

avrdude [options]

Where the options are 

(1) -p
To specify which micro-controller to program 
Example -  for attiny 45 uC, the syntax should be

avrdude -p t45

(2) -c
Type of programmer
Example - if using Atmel AVRISP mk II, the syntax should be

avrdude -p t45 -c avrisp2

(3) -P
Which serial port to use, If using USB device like AVRISP mkII you don't need to include this option or simply use -P usb

avrdude -p t45 -c avrisp2 -P usb 

(4) -U [memory]:r|w|v:[:format]: 

 [memory] - is either flash or eeprom (or hfuse, lfuse or efuse for the chip configuration fuses
 r|w|v - means you can use r (read) or w (write) or v (verify) code in memory
[:format] - is file format which we will read/write/verify. we will always be using "Intel Hex" format, so use i
Example: 


If you wanted to write the file test.hex to the flash memory, the complete syntax will be.

avrdude -p t45 -c avrisp2 -P usb -U flash:w:test.hex:i

If you wanted to read the eeprom memory into the file "eedump.hex" you would use 
-U eeprom:r:eedump.hex:i

Step - 4: Make makefile (optional)

A good practice is to make a .make file with all the commands in it and simply run the following commands from command window

1) Make Hex file

make -f  filename.make

2) Program fuses using avrispmk2 programmer (or other programmer, see makefile)

sudo make -f .make program-avrisp2-fuses

 3) Program flash

 sudo make -f .make program-avrisp2

update - if AVR studio is also installed in your system than you will get this error

did not find any USB device "usb"



Note

AVRISP2 LED Status
 Red - Idle and no target power
Green - Idle with target power
Orange - Busy, programming
Orange blinking - Reversed target cable connection, or not correct pull-up on the reset line.
Red Blink - short circuit in target
Red - orange blink - Upgrade mode


make clean
         make hex
         (sudo) make fuse (check programmer in Makefile, may need to repeat)
         (sudo) make program
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Microcontroller Play Kit

This board is to help you familiarize yourself with basic of embedded electronics. It consist of a micro-controller and other input/output devices which you can play with.

Features

- It has a Attiny44 micro-controller. The board is designed to use internal RC oscillator which runs at 1MHz frequency.
- It can be powered from the USB or FTDI cable. Before powering from FTDI cable, remove the 0ohm jumper resistor.
- It has inbuilt USB over current protection (if you use PTC fuse) to provide extra layer of protection for your USB port.
- In-board ISP connector to programming micro-controller.
- It has a RGB LED connected to pins (R-PA5, G-PA4 and B-PA1)
- It has a Switch connected to PA1 (Note that since switch and Blue led in RGB led shares a common pin, they can not be used simultaneously)
- It has Thermistor connected to pin PA7 for temperature measurement.
- Push-button switch connected to pin PA1
- Photo-transistor connected to pin PA0
- TX/RX pin for serial port interface or I2C
- 4 extra pin available for interfacing other devices.


Making HellouC Board

Mill your board using the files below
 

 


Notes about Stuffing the Board (see the image of stuffed board for reference)
- All the standard components are marked in above board (resistors and capacitors)
- THR is thermistor (has no polarity)
- AVRISP is six pin avrisp connector
- PT is photo-transistor (it has polarity, the collector (marked with two green mark in component) should be connected PA0 (pin13 of uC)
- RGB is rgb led (it has polarity, see the image of stuffed board)
- PTC is PTC fuse used to provide extra protection. If you don't have simply put 0ohm resistor.



Sample Programs

Blink Led

 /*
* Author: Prashant Patil
* Date: 12/05/2013
* This code is to blink LED connected to PA5
*/

#define F_CPU 1000000UL
#include
#include
#include

/*Macros definition*/
#define BIT(x)    (1 << (x))            //Set a particular bit mask
#define CHECKBIT(x,b) x&b            //Checks bit status
#define SETBIT(x,b) x|=b;            //Sets the particular bit
#define CLEARBIT(x,b) x&=~b;        //Clears the particular bit
#define TOGGLEBIT(x,b) x^=b;        //Toggles the particular bit

int main(void)
{
    SETBIT(DDRA,BIT(5))            //Sets Direction of 5th pin of port A as output for driving LED

    while(1)
    {
        SETBIT(PORTA,BIT(5))    //Sets PORTA5 as high i.e. turn on led
        _delay_ms(100); //delay
        CLEARBIT(PORTA,BIT(5))    //Clears PORTA5(PA5 pin goes low) i.e turn off led
        _delay_ms(100); //delay
    }
}

  Rainbow

Switch

 /*
 * Author: Prashant Patil
 * Date: 12/05/2013
 * This code is to turn on red LED when switch is pressed.
 */

 #define F_CPU 1000000UL
 #include
 #include
 #include

 /*Macros definition*/
 #define BIT(x)    (1 << (x))            //Set a particular bit mask
 #define CHECKBIT(x,b) x&b            //Checks bit status
 #define SETBIT(x,b) x|=b;            //Sets the particular bit
 #define CLEARBIT(x,b) x&=~b;        //Clears the particular bit
 #define TOGGLEBIT(x,b) x^=b;        //Toggles the particular bit

 int main(void)
 {
     SETBIT(DDRA,BIT(5))            //Sets Direction of 5th pin of port A as output for driving LED
     CLEARBIT(DDRA,BIT(1))          //Sets Direction of 1st pin of port A as input for sensing Switch
   
     while(1)
     {
       
        if(CHECKBIT(PINA,BIT(3))) //Check 3rd bit in PINA register
        {
            SETBIT(PORTA,BIT(5))    //Sets PORTA5 as high i.e. turn on led
        }
        else
        {
             CLEARBIT(PORTA,BIT(5))    //Clears PORTA5(PA5 pin goes low) i.e turn off led
        }
       
       
     }
 }

Measure Temperature

Ambient Light Sensor

  #define F_CPU 1000000UL
 #include
 #include
 #include

 /*Macros definition*/
 #define BIT(x)    (1 << (x))            //Set a particular bit mask
 #define CHECKBIT(x,b) x&b            //Checks bit status
 #define SETBIT(x,b) x|=b;            //Sets the particular bit
 #define CLEARBIT(x,b) x&=~b;        //Clears the particular bit
 #define TOGGLEBIT(x,b) x^=b;        //Toggles the particular bit

 int main(void)
 {
     SETBIT(DDRA,BIT(4))            //Sets Direction of 5th pin of port A as output for driving LED
     CLEARBIT(DDRA,BIT(0))          //Sets Direction of 1st pin of port A as input for sensing Photo-transistor
    
     while(1)
     {
      
        if(CHECKBIT(PINA,BIT(0))) //Check first bit in PINA register
        {
           
            SETBIT(PORTA,BIT(4))    //Sets PORTA4 as high i.e. turn on led
        }
        else
        {
             CLEARBIT(PORTA,BIT(4))    //Clears PORTA4(PA4 pin goes low) i.e turn off led
        }
        
        
     }
 }

 Remote-Control Through PC  

 

To do for Next Version

- Change USB connector type
- Add an SMD buzzer
- Add a potentiometer
- Add port pins for external interface.


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